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1.0 INTRODUCTION <br />This study vas precipitated by concerns raised by the City of Minnetonka, Minnesota in regard <br />to the installation of tvao LED ("light emitting diode") billboards along Interstate 394 and <br />Interstate 494. The LED function was applied to t<a%o existiig "static" image billboards located <br />adjacent to the interstate. Follo~~=ing installation of the LED function; the City fumed off the <br />power to the signs though a stop work order based on current city ordinance prohibiting flashing <br />signs, which is broadly defined; as well as permitting requirements for the retlofittinQ of the <br />signs to the upgraded technology. The billboard o~~,mer sued the City; and the court response to <br />this legal action as of the `~,=ritilg of this study has been to allo`v limited use of the LED <br />billboards. A moratorium on further signage of this type was established by the City to facilitate <br />the study of issues related to driver distraction and safet}= and appropriate regulatory measures <br />for LED and other types of changeable signage. <br />This study was undertaken on behalf of the City of Minnetonka to examine these issues. ~Jhile <br />the concerns were precipitated by LED billboards ii particular, this report examines more <br />broadly "d}=namic" display signage which is defined as any characteristics of a sign that appear <br />to have movement or that appear to change, caused by any method other than physically <br />removing and replacing the sign or its components, «=hetlner the apparent movement or change is <br />in the display, the sign structure itself or any other component of the sign. This includes a <br />display that incorporates a technology or method allowing the sign face to change the image <br />without having to physically or mechanically replace the sign face or its components. This also <br />includes alzy rotating, revolving, moving, flashing; blinking; or a~.iimated display ar7d any display <br />that incorporates rotating panels, LED lights manipulated through digital input, "digital ink" or <br />any other method or technology that allows the sign face to present a series of images or <br />displays. These capabilities rriay be provided by a variety of technologies which are discussed <br />Iater in this report. <br />As the study progressed, additional coirununities ~~=ithin the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area; as <br />u=ell as the League of Minnesota Cities, expressed interest it these issues. Ho`vever; it is not the <br />intention of this report to provide a comprehensive study of all issues raised by dynamic signage; <br />or other ty=pes of billboards, but rather to focus narrowl}= on the issues of concern to the City of <br />Minnetonka. <br />2.Q PURPOSE OF STUDY AND. n~THODOI,OGY <br />Driving a motor vehicle is a complex task that requires the ability to divide one's attention. <br />Sinultaneously maintaining a steady and legal speed; changing lanes; navigating traffic and <br />untersections, reading and interpreting street si~zs, drivers are often challenged by conditions that <br />can change in the blink of an eye. Internal and external physical conditions caa7 affect ho«= safely <br />the driving task is accomplished. Drug or alcohol intoxication; fatigue and/or distractions in the <br />drivi~a environment all can pIa}= a role in motor.vehicle crashes. Ho«=ever, these conditions are <br />rarely the sole reason for a crash. Rather; these conditions serve to exacerbate analready- <br />complex driving environment ai7d subsequent mistakes in judgment can lead to crashes. <br />,A4 <br />-212- <br />