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National Highway Traffic Safety Administration! Virginia Tech Transportation <br />Institute " <br />tmpacf of Driver /nattention on Near-Crash/Crash Risk: An Analysis Using the <br />100-Car Naturaiistic Driving Study Data (Klauer et al., 2006}'6 <br />This study analyzed the data from a driving database developed by the National Highiva}= <br />Traffic Safet}= Administration.. This database contained exhaustive data recorded by <br />instrumented vehicles that measured glance position, impairment, dxo~~,=su~ess; risk taking <br />and many other parameters potentially involved in crash causation. Vehicles were <br />instrumented so .that an observer did not need to be in the vehicle to collect data. <br />Automated data collection .reduced the problem of an obsen=er influencing driver <br />behavior. The study found .that glances of tZ~=o seconds or greater doubled the risk of <br />crashes or near-crashes. The study also found that 22 percent of crashes are accompanied <br />by "secondary-task'' distraction «=hether inside or outside the vehicle. <br />National Highway Traffic. Safety Administration! Virginia Tech Transportation <br />Institute <br />Driver Inattention is a Major Factor in Serious Traffic Crashes (2001)17 <br />The National High«=ay Traffic Safet}= Administration commissioned a study to examine <br />the causes of crashes. The study gathered information from four areas throughout the <br />country and used data from the National Automotive Sampling System (NABS) from <br />April 1996-April 1997 for anal}=sis. The geographic areas were selected because they had <br />good crash investigation practices and high itrtervie«= completion rates. The results of <br />this study are summarized in Table 2. <br />Table ~. Cras1~ Causati.o~~. Sun~.7na~y <br /> Percentage of llrivers <br />Causal Category Contributing to Causation <br />Driver Inattention 22.7 <br />Vehicle Speed 18.7 <br />Alcohol Impairn~ent 18.2 <br />Perceptual Errors 15.1 <br />Decision Errors 10.1 <br />. Incapacitation 6.4 <br />Other 8.8 <br />Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine <br />The Role of .Driver Inattention in Crashes; New Statistics from the <br />9995 Crashworthiness Data System (VI(ang, 1996)16 <br />This report analyzed the NHTSA 1995 Crash V1ortliiness Data System (CDS). It found <br />that the greatest source of driver distraction (3.2 percent) «=as due to a specified person, <br />object or event outside the vehicle, The full results of the study are presented in Table 3. <br />~'l4 <br />-222- <br />