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Measurable goals have also not been provided in this handout. But for each <br />BMP measure or program it will be necessary to develop some measurable <br />standard by which to judge success. The standard may be based on internal <br />activities where it cannot easily be based on external results. For example, <br />sending out brochures three times per year can be measured. But, the <br />effectiveness of those brochures can only be measured through phone <br />surveys of public knoWledge before and after the brochure was sent, or <br />based on statistics on increased public participation in whatever program the <br />brochure was about. Neither measure is easy and reliable. And, should a <br />certain percent "effectiveness increase" be stated as the measurable goal, if <br />it is not achieved the city would, technically, be out of compliance. Better to <br />make the goal controllable, especially in the first permit cycles when little is <br />known on the effectiveness of certain (especially non-structural)BMP <br />measures. <br />In no case have the costs of structural BMPs been estimated or included. <br />Cost estimate~ are available in several references including the Center for <br />Watershed Protection (1997) and Northern Virginia Planning District <br />Commission (1994), The economic benefits of structural BMPs are discussed <br />in EPA (1995). <br />Monitoring costs are developed for Midtown based on both receiwng stream <br />monitoring and some pilot BMP program monitoring; they are non-existent <br />for Smallville. EPA estimates that about 50% of permittees may incur <br />monitoring costs in subsequent permit cycles. It is also assumed that there <br />are no TMDL or other types of watershed assessment actions going on in the <br />watershed which may radically modify the permit conditions, and that there <br />are no regional or state-wide programs which could simply be adopted by <br />reference for portions of the NPDES minimum requirements. <br /> Table 3, Summary Results <br /> ! Annual Per-Capita Cost - $ <br /> MinimUmMeasuresCOntrol I Smallville I Midtown <br /> <br /> First 5-year Permit Period <br /> <br /> 1 - Public Ed, , ,., 0,39 I .1~2~ <br /> <br />2 - Public Inv. <br /> <br />3 - Illicit Connections <br />4- Construction <br />5 - Post Const. <br />6 - Housekeeping_ <br /> <br />0.21 <br /> <br />0.24 <br />0.20 <br />0.14 <br /> <br />0.62 <br />1,77 <br /> <br />0,96 <br />5,78 <br />0,59 <br /> <br />Tota,s 1:'33 <br /> Subsequent 5-year Permit Periods <br /> " <br />1 - Public Ed. -0136 1.40 <br />2 - Public Inv, 0.24 0.51 <br />3 - Illicit Connections t 0.10 !] - ' 1.16 <br />4- Construction '1 0,18 <br /> <br />38 <br /> <br /> <br />