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b. Noise Encroachment Zones. Since one of the major problems in controlling land uses around airports- is the fragmentation of zoning powers among many individual municipalities, it would be desirable to develop an overriding mechanism, probably admin- istered by the State government, which would be applied on top of or in addition to local zoning. A precedent for such action may be found in the flood encroachment zones which have been established by some States and which provide for the delineation of encroachment lines on either side of a stream bed. Within these lines, structures may be prohibited and other conditions attached for the use and development of the properties. Using this principle, it might be possible for States to delineate noise encroachment zones within which it would be similarly illegal to construct or develop incompatible uses. This might be restricted to only certain uses or might preclude any urbanization of the area. c. Building Code Noise Attenuation Dis- tricts. Insulation requirements should be part of the local building codes, without which the building per- mits cannot be issued. This becomes an even more powerful tool when it is linked to an occupancy permit and an appropriate housing code. One of the problems with noise insulation requirements is that they are not appropriate or required in many portions of the city and would simply operate to inflate the cost of housing, which is already too high in many areas. However, it is equally obvious that homes and other noise sensi- tive uses will continue to be built in noise affected areas simply because of the demand for residential building sites in convenient locations. This being the case, it would be desirable to develop selective noise attenuation districts within which insulation would be required as a condition of issuing the building permit. The local municipality can delineate such districts around airports, railroad yards, expressways, and other such noise generators in a manner similar to the delineation of fire prevention districts, which is now practiced in most Larger municipalities. 66. Summary. The responsibility for developing land uses within the boundaries of an airport lies with the airport owner. The responsibility for developing land uses adjacent to the airport boundaries lies with the governing bodies of adjacent communities. The land use plan developed under the master plan effort should show proposed on -airport land uses as developed by the airport owner and proposed off -airport Iand uses as developed by the surrounding communities. If compatible land uses are to be developed, airport sponsors and the surrounding communities must work together if the proper resolution of noise and other environmental problems are to be resolved. Therefore, the management of land uses on and off the airport, especiallyin noise exposed areas, requires a compre- hensive approach which involves planning, the political process, funding of programs, and the use of zoning processes, and acquisition and condemnation pro- cedures. 49