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I Approved Apparent
<br />Proiect [ F.A.R. F.A.R.
<br />
<br /> 1. Commonwealth BIding 3.5 6.7
<br /> 2. Architects Biuilding 3.2 3.3
<br /> 3. Ames Building 3.5 3.9
<br /> 4. Oak Hills Block 4.1 4.2
<br /> 5. Key/Berkely Buildings 4.0 5.1
<br /> 6. Rosslyn Norlh and!South 3.7 3.7
<br /> 7. Noland/Xerox 4.7 6.0
<br /> 8. International PlaceiBIock 3.6 4.8
<br />
<br /> 9. USA Today ; 5.3 7.1
<br />
<br />10. Park Place 4.9 5.8
<br />11. Waterview/Potoma~c Tower 4.0 5.0
<br />12. Metro Center Block 5.2 6.2
<br />
<br />Source: Rosslyn Station,,Area Plan Addendum, Arlinglon County,
<br />V~rginia. 1990.
<br />
<br />Allowable Uses and Density
<br />A cursory look at the t),~es of uses and densities proposed
<br />arou,~d t'he country, reveals a clear set of patterns. For transit-
<br />oriented development at'cas outside the central business district,
<br />it is the norm to include~a substantial residential component in
<br />densities far higher than!the average in the community. To
<br />maximize the accessibili~ of the transit station, the trend is to
<br />allow higher than norm41 densities, relax setback and parking
<br />requirements, provide d~nsity bonuses for public and private
<br />amenities, and, in most i'espects, adopt site-plan and
<br />development standards t~at are more typical for urban centers.
<br />Such changes to zoning 9rdinances are needed to support the
<br />"urban oasis" that will b~e created around the transit station.
<br />
<br />Communities often favor transit-oriented developments with
<br />their highest allowable densities for residential uses and
<br />sometimes also do so for commercial and office uses.
<br /> The average densities planned for transit-oriented
<br />development areas served by a light rail system (as in San Diego
<br />and San Jose, California) are about nine dwelling units per acre.
<br />For heaD, rail or rapid rail systems (such as in Washington,
<br />D.C., San Francisco, Chicago, Miami, and Atlanta), this figure
<br />is at least 12 dwelling units per acre. And, for those areas of
<br />transit-oriented developments served by feeder bus service to the
<br />station, the gross densities tend to be around seven per acre.
<br />The net densities on sites immediately adjacent to the transit
<br />station area tend to be much higher. For example, along the
<br />BART system, typical densities are around 30 dwelling units per
<br />acre closest to the station. Along the Metro system, typical
<br />densities are around 40 near older stations, in one location, 162
<br />dwelling units per acre are permitted.
<br /> For mixed-use projects, the residential component is
<br />generally 60 percent or more. In the most recently adopted plan
<br />for the Franconia-Springfield Metro Station Area in Fairfax
<br />Count).', Virginia, the plan provides options for mixed uses that
<br />have a 2-1 ratio in favor of residential use. Notwithstanding the
<br />high densities allowed in transit-oriented areas, most of the
<br />units are either sold or rented at market rates. The only
<br />subsidized units tend to be part of rnixed4ncome projects. In
<br />the Bay Area, according to Bernick, those projects have a mix of
<br />80 percent market-rate units and 20 percent subsidized units.
<br /> It is clear that most of the densities around the transit station
<br />area require multistoried structures. For th~ lower densities and
<br />transition areas, the trend is to zone for townhomes at densities
<br />ranging from eight to 16 dwelling units per acre.
<br /> For other permitted uses such as retail, hotel, and office, the
<br />densities tend to var), considerably. Plans for transit-oriented
<br />development in urbanized areas apply existing zoning districts
<br />that closely match the proposed density and use composition.
<br />
<br />Rail System Station Area Concentration
<br />
<br />Washington, D.C. [ Ballston
<br />
<br />Washington, D,C.
<br />
<br />Atlanta
<br />
<br />Allanta
<br />
<br />Santa Clara
<br />
<br />San Diego
<br />
<br />San Francisco
<br />
<br />San Francisco
<br />
<br />Bethesda
<br />
<br />Arts
<br />
<br />Lenox
<br />
<br />Almaden
<br />
<br />La Mesa-Amaya
<br />Pleasanl Hill
<br />
<br />El Cerrito del Norte
<br />
<br />2,471 new residential units built since 1984 within a one-third-mile radius..
<br />Includes also a high-rise office city, 3.7 million square feet of commercial space
<br />since 1984.
<br />
<br />A mix of high-rise residential, office, and retail. Bethesda Place, one-half block
<br />north of the Bethesda Metro stop, includes two towers, an office tower of 11
<br />stories, and a residential tower of 10 stories. Retail space totaling over 66,000
<br />square feet is located in both towers. Nearby Hampden Square consists of two
<br />towers: a 12-story office tower and an adjacent eight-story residential tower.
<br />
<br />A series of high-rise residential developments built since 1990: Club Tower,
<br />Mayfair Apartments, and GLG Tower.
<br />
<br />Like Arts, the center of new high-rise residential construction: The Oaks at
<br />Buckhead, Grandview, and Lenox Gables.
<br />
<br />The Santa Clara station outside of downtown with targeted development:
<br />Almaden Lake Village on transit district land.
<br />
<br />La Mesa, outside of'San Diego, has aggressively direcled housing to the
<br />station: Villages of La Mesa, Park Grossmont.
<br />Over 1,600 residential units built in this one combination of residential and
<br />commercial,
<br />The 135-unit Del Norte Place, ~he emerging 210-unit Grand Central
<br />Apartments, and a planned 90-unit condominium.
<br />
<br />Source: UC BerkeleY~ NTRAC, Survey of Transit Development, 1993.
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