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radionuclides are removed through a process known -as co -precipitation with iron <br />and manganese. Iron and manganese is typically removed from water using an <br />oxidation and filtration process. This process uses oxygen (through aeration of <br />the water), or chemical oxidants such as chlorine or potassium permanganate, to <br />oxidize and precipitate the iron and manganese. Once precipitated, the iron and <br />manganese is easily captured and removed using granular media filters. Granular <br />media filters can be either gravity type or pressure type filters. Pressure filtration <br />is not generally utilized for radionuclide contaminant removal due to build up of <br />radon gas in the system. <br />Key components of a ground water treatment facility include the following: <br />• Water transmission mains from well sites <br />• Aeration <br />• Detention tank <br />• Granular media filtration <br />• Clearwell/reservoir storage <br />• High service pumping <br />• Disinfection <br />• Backwash reclaim system <br />4. Water Treatment Facility Sites <br />Two potential sites for a water treatment facility have been identified. Figure 1 in <br />Appendix C shows the location of these sites. <br />Site A is located on Armstrong Boulevard in the vicinity of Fire Station No. 1. <br />This location was selected due to close proximity to the existing water supply <br />wells, water distribution system, and direct route to the proposed surface water <br />intake locations on the Mississippi River. <br />Site B is located at the intersection of Alpine Drive and Puma Drive. This site is <br />currently owned by the City of Ramsey. Additional water distribution mains and <br />raw water transmission mains would be required for this site compared to Site A. <br />City of Ramsey, Minnesota — R13.104504 Page 4-5 <br />Comprehensive Water System Study Prepared by Bolton & Menk, Inc. <br />