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Loans and Leases <br />Loans and leases make up a portfolio that the Bank has the intent and the ability to hold for the <br />foreseeable future or until maturity or payoff. The Bank's loans and lease portfolio is divided into two <br />portfolio segments, which are the same segments used by the Bank to detennine the allowance for credit <br />losses, commercial and consumer. The portfolio segments are well diversified by borrower, collateral and <br />industry. The Bank further disaggregates its portfolio segments into various classes of loans for purposes of <br />monitoring and assessing credit risk as described below. <br />Commercial Loans <br />The Bank disaggregates the commercial loan portfolio into the following classes: <br />• Loans to businesses for commercial, industrial and professional purposes ("Commercial & <br />industrial"); <br />• Loans that are secured by real estate properties ("Commercial real estate"); <br />• Loans secured by real estate to finance land development and construction of industrial, <br />commercial, residential or faun building ("Construction"); <br />• Indirect and direct leases to finance commercial equipment purchases ("Equipment leases"); <br />• Loans to finance agricultural production and other loans to fanners ("Agriculture"). <br />Consumer Loans <br />The Bank disaggregates the consumer loan portfolio into the following classes: <br />• Consumer loans and leases such as autos, marine, recreational vehicles, personal lines of credit and <br />credit cards ("Installments and lines"); <br />• Closed -end loans secured by first and junior liens on 1-4 family residential properties ("Residential <br />secured — closed -end"); <br />• Revolving, open-end loans secured by 1-4 family residential properties ("Residential secured — <br />revolving, open-end"). <br />Loans that the Bank originates are recorded at the principal amount outstanding, net of unamortized <br />deferred loan origination fees and costs. Loans purchased by the Bank are initially measured at fair value at <br />the date of acquisition at a premium or discount, as appropriate. At the time of acquisition, the seller's <br />estimate for expected credit losses is not carried over or recorded by the Bank as a credit loss allowance <br />against the loans (see Allowance for Credit Losses below). <br />Net deferred fees or costs and premiums and discounts are recognized in earnings over the contractual <br />tern of the loans, adjusted for actual prepayments, using the interest method or on a straight line basis for <br />revolving loans. <br />Interest income is accrued unless the loan is determined to be impaired and placed on nonaccrual <br />status (see Nonaccrual Loans and Leases below). The Bank recognizes unaccreted or unamortized fees, <br />costs, premiums and discounts on loans and leases paid in full as a component of interest income. <br />Direct financing leases are carried at the aggregate of lease payments receivable plus estimated <br />residual value less unearned income. Unearned income on financing leases is accreted over the lives of the <br />leases to provide a constant periodic rate of return on the net investment in the lease. The Bank reviews <br />commercial lease residual values at least annually and recognizes residual value impairments that are <br />deemed to be other -than -temporary through earnings. <br />The Bank also charges other loan and lease fees consisting of delinquent payment charges and <br />servicing fees, including fees for servicing loans sold to third parties, and recognizes such fees as income <br />when earned. <br />-8- <br />2011 Bank of the West Annual Report <br />