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The Bank further manages the potential credit risk in commitments to extend credit by limiting the <br />total amount of arrangements, both by individual customer and in the aggregate, by monitoring the size and <br />maturity structure of these portfolios and by applying the same credit standards maintained for all of its <br />related credit activities. A significant portion of our loan and lease portfolio is located in California and, to <br />a lesser extent, the remaining states within our footprint. The risk inherent in our loan and lease portfolio is <br />dependent upon the economic stability of those states, which affects property values, and the financial <br />well-being and creditworthiness of the borrowers. <br />Standby letters of credit totaled $1.1 billion and $868.5 million at December 31, 2011 and 2010, <br />respectively. Standby letters of credit are issued on behalf of customers in connection with contracts <br />between the customers and third parties. Under standby letters of credit, the Bank assures that the third <br />parties will receive specified funds if customers fail to meet their contractual obligations. The liquidity risk <br />to the Bank arises from its obligation to make payment in the event of a customer's contractual default. The <br />Bank also had commitments for commercial and similar letters of credit of $26.0 million and $65.7 million <br />at December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively. The cormmitments outstanding as of December 31, 2011 <br />have maturities ranging from January 1, 2012 to July 25, 2018. In connection with the issuance of such <br />commitments, fees are charged based on contract terms and recognized into income when they are earned. <br />Credit Quality of Loans and Leases <br />A significant portion of the Bank's loan and lease portfolio consists of high credit quality loans. <br />The Bank assesses the credit quality of its commercial loans and leases with an internal credit risk <br />grading system using a ten -point credit risk scale and categorizes the loans and leases consistent with <br />industry guidelines in the following grades: pass, special mention and classified. <br />Risk grades one through six (or Pass grades) represent loans with strong to acceptable credit quality <br />where the loan is protected by adequate collateral and the borrower is not facing financial difficulties. Risk <br />grade seven (or Special Mention grade) represents loans with borrowers that have potential credit <br />weaknesses which, if not checked or corrected, will weaken the Bank's repayment prospects. Risk grades <br />eight through ten (or Classified grades) represent loans characterized by the distinct possibility that the <br />bank will sustain partial or entire loss. In particular, risk grade eight represents borrowers who have a well- <br />defined weakness but no loss in principal balance is currently anticipated. Risk grade nine represents loans <br />with doubtful borrowers but partial loss is probable based on facts existing at the time of assessment. Risk <br />grade ten represents loans with borrowers who are incapable of repayment or loans that are considered <br />uncollectable and are therefore, charged off. All loans in risk grades nine and ten and certain loans in risk <br />grade eight that are on nonaccrual status are considered impaired loans. Risk grades of commercial loans <br />are reviewed on an ongoing basis and upon a credit event. <br />-24- <br />2011 Bank of the West Annual Report <br />