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to sell upon transfer of the loans to foreclosed assets. Subsequently, foreclosed assets are carried at the lower <br />of carrying value or fair value less costs to sell. Fair value is generally determined using appraised values <br />based on observable market data and, accordingly, we classify foreclosed assets as Level 2. <br />Assets for deferred compensation plans <br />Assets for deferred compensation plans are Level 1 securities consisting of money market funds held <br />within a nonqualified deferred compensation trust. Fair value measurement of these assets is based upon <br />quoted prices. <br />Deposits <br />We do not measure deposits at fair value. As such, valuation techniques discussed herein for deposits <br />are primarily for estimations used in the fair value of financial instruments disclosure requirements. The <br />fair values of deposits with no maturity date (e.g., interest and noninterest-bearing checking, regular <br />savings, and certain types of money market savings accounts) are equal to the amount payable on demand <br />at the reporting date (i.e., their carrying amounts). Fair values of fixed-rate certificates of deposit are <br />estimated using a discounted cash flow calculation that applies interest rates currently being offered on <br />certificates to a schedule of aggregated expected monthly maturities on time deposits. <br />Short-term borrowings and long-term debt <br />We do not measure short-term borrowings or long-term debt at fair value. As such, valuation <br />techniques discussed herein are primarily for estimations used in the fair value of financial instruments <br />disclosure requirements. The fair values are estimated using quoted market prices or discounted cash flow <br />analyses based on our current incremental borrowing rates for similar types of borrowing arrangements. <br />Derivatives <br />Most of our derivatives are traded in over-the-counter markets where quoted market prices are not <br />readily available. For those derivatives, we measure fair value primarily using market observable inputs, <br />such as yield curves. In addition, the fair valuations for derivatives include an adjustment for estimated <br />credit risk. As such, we classify derivatives as Level 2. Examples of Level 2 derivatives are interest rate <br />swaps and forward contracts. The fair value of the Guarantee is classified as a Level 3 fair value <br />measurement since the Bank estimates its fair value using an internally developed discounted cash flow <br />valuation model. The key assumptions in the model and the drivers of changes in fair value are credit loss <br />forecasts to project the future potential payoffs from the Guarantee, the average remaining life of the <br />covered assets, and the rate to discount the estimated claims under the Guarantee. The credit loss forecast is <br />an internally developed estimate that incorporates the timing and amount of potential credit losses. The <br />credit loss forecast also uses migration matrices to predict potential future credit ratings for the covered <br />assets. The expected life of the Guarantee is based on management's best estimate at each balance sheet <br />date. <br />Off -balance sheet financial instruments <br />The fair value of letters of credit and commitments to fund loans represents estimated fees that would <br />be charged to enter into similar agreements with similar remaining maturities and is not presented herein. <br />These estimates are subjective in nature and involve uncertainties and matters of significant judgment and, <br />therefore, cannot be determined with precision. The fair value of these financial instruments is not material <br />to our consolidated financial statements. <br />-42- <br />2011 Bank of the West Annual Report <br />