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2) Iron and manganese exceed the SDWA secondary limits in all of the wells. The SDWA <br />contains secondary limits, which recommend water quality parameters, that although not <br />health risks, reduce the quality of water for typically consumers uses, typically due to <br />staining or taste and odor issues. <br />3) The hardness of Ramsey's water is classified as hard, based on American Water Works <br />Association (AWWA) water hardness scale. Since the majority of the homeowners have <br />in-home softeners, providing softening at the municipal scale is usually not considered to <br />be cost effective by the municipalities. In addition, due to the high peak flows, and the <br />volume of water used for irrigation in Ramsey, which does not require softening, it is not <br />expected to be cost effective in Ramsey's situation. <br />4) The Langelier index was calculated for each well. The Langelier index is an indicator of <br />the aggressiveness and corrosivity of the water. Langelier index values greater than zero <br />indicate the water is non -corrosive. As shown in Table 3.2, the calculated Langelier <br />index for each well is in the range of 0.41 to 0.46, indicating that the water from these <br />wells is not corrosive. <br />5) Arsenic was detected in Well No. 1 and No. 2. The arsenic levels of 0.0066 and >0.0047 <br />mg/1 are well below the current MCL of 0.010 mg/l. <br />While the arsenic levels are below regulated limits, if levels in the wells increase, Ramsey <br />may need to address this issue. Compliance alternatives might include abandoning the affected <br />wells and drilling new wells in an area where arsenic is not present, or constructing a treatment <br />facility capable of removing the arsenic. <br />Traditional iron and manganese filter facilities are capable of removing arsenic in most <br />waters. Thus, if treatment for arsenic is required, a water filtration facility will remove the <br />arsenic while also removing the nuisance iron and manganese. <br />4. Wellhead Protection <br />Wellhead protection is a method of preventing contamination of public water supplies by <br />managing potential contaminant sources in the area that contributes to a public water supply well. <br />Land uses relative to commercial, industrial and underground storage of chemicals and <br />City of Ramsey, Minnesota — M21.34343 Page 3-3 <br />Water System Study Prepared by Bolton & Menk, Inc, <br />