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Barrens Oak Savanna <br />Fact Sheet (cont.) <br />Hairy puccoon (Lithosper- <br />mum caroliniense) <br />White sage (Artemisia <br />ludoviciana) <br />Gray goldenrod (Solidago nemoralis) <br />Hairy golden aster (Heterotheca villosa) <br />Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) <br />Large -flowered beard -tongue (Penstemon <br />grandiflorus) <br />Purple prairie clover (Petalostemon <br />purpureum) <br />Silky prairie clover (P. villosum) <br />Ground -cherry (Physalis virginiana) <br />Missouri goldenrod (Solidago <br />missouriensis) <br />Prairie bird -foot violet (Viola pedatifida) <br />Prairie larkspur (Delphinium virescens) <br />Rough blazing -star (Liatris aspera) <br />Rigid sunflower (Helianthus rigidus) <br />GRAMiNOIDS <br />Porcupine grass (Stipa spartea) <br />Hairy grama (Bouteloua hirsuta) <br />Little bluestem (Schizachyrium scoparium) <br />Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii) <br />Sand reedgrass (Calamovilfa longifolia) <br />A species of umbrella sedge (Cyperus <br />schweinitzii) <br />Junegrass (Koeleria macrantha) <br />Scribner's panic -grass (Panicum <br />oligosanthes) <br />Characteristic plant species <br />Sand reedgrass (Calamovilfa longifolia) <br />Sea -beach needlegrass (Aristida <br />tuberculosa) <br />False heather (Hudsonia tomentosa) <br />Muhlenberg's sedge (Carex muhlenbergii) <br />Silky prairie clover (Petalostemon villosum) <br />Old field toadflax (Linaria canadensis) <br />Geyer's spurge (Euphorbia geyeri) <br />Rare plant species <br />Round -stemmed false foxglove (Agalinis <br />gattingeri) <br />Small -leaved pussytoes (Antennaria <br />parvitolia) <br />Sea -beach needlegrass (Aristida <br />tuberculosa) <br />Rhombic -petaled evening primrose <br />(Oenothera rhombipetala) <br />James' polanisia (Polanisia jamesii) <br />Tall nut -rush (Solaria triglomerata) <br />Purple sand -grass (Triplasis purpurea) <br />Animals of barrens oak savannas <br />Barrens oak savannas commonly contain <br />animals associated with prairies and oak <br />forests, as well as species characteristic of <br />edge habitats. Although this habitat is <br />generally dry, low, wet swales between the <br />dunes sometimes provide habitat for <br />amphibians and reptiles. <br />Common animal species <br />—Breeding birds <br />Mourning dove (Zenaida macroura) <br />Blue jay (Cyanocitta cristata) <br />Indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea) <br />Chipping sparrow (Spizella passerina) <br />Field sparrow (S. pusilla) <br />Song sparrow (Melospiza melodic) <br />Brown -headed cowbird (Molothrus ater) <br />—Mammals <br />Thirteen -lined ground squirrel <br />(Spermophilus tridecemlineatus) <br />.Fox squirrel (Sciurus niger) <br />Plains pocket gopher (Geomys bursarius) <br />White-footed mouse (Peromyscus <br />leucopus) <br />Red fox (Vulpes vulpes) <br />Striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) <br />White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) <br />—Amphibians and reptiles <br />Tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) <br />American toad (Bufo americanus) <br />Prairie skink (Eumeces septentrionalis) <br />Plains garter snake (Thamnophis radix) <br />Characteristic animal species <br />Lark sparrow (Chondestes grammacus) <br />Rare animal species <br />Loggerhead shrike (Lanius ludovicianus) <br />Eastern spotted skunk (Spilogale putorius) <br />Eastern hognose snake (Heterodon <br />platyrhinos) <br />Bullsnake (Pituophis melanoleucus) <br />Karner blue (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) <br />Disturbance indicators and threats <br />Suggestions of past grazing or other distur- <br />bances include abundant sandbur, three - <br />awn grass, sand dropseed, carpetweed, <br />crabgrass, or Kentucky bluegrass and a lack <br />of characteristic plant species; fence lines, <br />trails, and ruts. Threats include lack of <br />buffer vegetation, residential development, <br />golf courses, landfills, roads, and other <br />permanent alterations of the landscape; <br />erosion from all -terrain vehicles; encroach- <br />ment of prairie openings by oak, American <br />hazelnut, red cedar, and planted pines. <br />Associated natural communities <br />Oak woodland-brushland, sand -gravel <br />oak savanna, barrens prairie, sand -gravel <br />prairie, and wet meadow. <br />Examples <br />2. Bunker Hills Regional Park <br />5. Helen Allison Savanna Scientific and <br />Natural Area <br />8. Carlos Avery Wildlife Management <br />Area: Wyoming Dunes <br />23. Sand Dunes State Forest <br />(southeast dunes) <br />26. Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge: <br />Orrock Dunes <br />27. Sherburne National Wildlife Refuge: <br />Santiago Oak Savanna Research and <br />Natural Area <br />28. Uncas Dunes Scientific and <br />Natural Area <br />From: Wovcha, Daniel S., Minnesota's St. Croix River Valley and Anoka Sandplain, A Guide to Native Habitats, <br />1995, University of Minnesota Press. <br />