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achievable and that the rents ofthe affordable units are low, deeply targeted, and deeply <br />subsidized. In practice, however, there are a number ofadditional ways that mixed -income <br />projects are possible beyond the 80/20. For example: <br />*Aproject th8th8S|8SSth8n20968ff0rd8b|8unitSbutr8quir8SS0m8numb8r0rpr0p0rti0n <br />might still becalled rnix8d-inoorne. <br />p Aproject that has 8096 income -targeted, subsidized units might have 2096 market -rate <br />units and becalled rnixed-inoorne. <br />* Even a project that is 100% affordable can and usually does still serve mixed incomes <br />with some units reserved for households earning 60% of AM I, some reserved for <br />households earning 80% of AM I, and some targeted to households at or below 30% of <br />"Mix8d-ino0m8"can have 8variety 0fpotential meanings and any number 0fcombinations <br />ofincome targets within oracross projects, neighborhooda,oroorridora.|nd8ed,fund8ra <br />increasingly recognize the value of building not only affordability into market -rate projects <br />but also of market- or moderate -rate units into mostly affordable projects. Similarly, market - <br />rate does not always equate to rich households. Rather, market -rate simply means the rate <br />that potential renters will pay for housing. In the same way, affordable does not equate to <br />households earning extremely modest incomes. In other words, the perception of mixed - <br />income 8S8potential clash 0fvery high and very low incomes iSoften incorrect. <br />What are the barriers t0developing mixed -income housing? <br />A2013 report o0nnnniSSi0n8d by W1inn8S0t8 Housing, "Expanding Mixed |no0nn8 Housing <br />Opportunitiea.^identifiedanurnberofoonoernaexpreaaedhvrnennberaofthedeve|oprnent <br />and finance communities about the challenges inherent in mixed -income development:" <br />• Most are familiar with mixed -income housing objectives, but have less experience in <br />practice. <br />• Developer interest in affordable housing reflects a desire to diversify portfolios and <br />minimize risk. <br />•Then8iaao|earneedfor"rniaaion-driven''oapita|toaupportrnixed-inoorn8deve|opnnent' <br />especially trans it -oriented development. <br />• Regiona|aub-nnarketvariationarnake^one-aize-fita-aU^approaoheadiffiou|t. <br />• Market -rate amenities add todevelopment costs and challenges. <br />• Jurisdictions see the need for education and outreach to developers on affordable <br />finance tools. <br />• Specific challenges exist with some Minnesota Housing programs for mixed -income <br />housing. <br />One chief impediment todeveloping mixed -income housing iathe real or perceivedhak <br />involved. Risk, 8factor inany housing proposal, iSperceived differently across projects <br />based on elements such as level of demand in the local housing market, the location <br />of the property, and the value of comparable nearby properties. Investors or lenders <br />evaluating a market -rate proposal will pay particular attention towhether local market <br />FOUR: Opportunities for Collaboration <br />