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"During the period 1965-79 flood losses in Minnesota exceeded $170 million." <br /> 3/ <br />All people are affected by the problems created from flooding because <br />clean-up costs, flood control costs, and reconstruction of streets and <br />public utilities are all paid with public funds. In order to stop the continued <br />escalation of public cost related to flooding, the emphasis in flood pl.ain <br />management was shifted from flood controls (dikes, channelization, etc.), to <br />regulatory controls (zoning ordinances and subdivision regulations). The <br />regulatory approach establishes guidelines requiring that part of the flood <br />plain which is most susceptible to flooding (floodway) prohibit development <br />entirely, and in the less susceptible parts (flood fringe), a broader range <br />of land use activities can be permitted. <br /> <br />Champlin, Anoka, and Ramsey have 20-30 foot high banks along most of the <br />Mississippi River, so a very small percentage of the Critical Area is subject <br />to flooding. In addition, all three communities have adopted Flood Plain Ordi- <br />nances which have been approved by the Minnesota Department of Natural <br />Resources. <br /> <br />WETLANDS <br /> <br />Wetlands are low lying areas which are normally covered with shallow or <br />intermittent waters. Swamps, marshes, bogs, and other low lying areas are <br />all wetlands, and may occur as part of a river, stream,.drainage way, or as <br />a free-standing low area. <br /> <br />3. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources; Division of Waters, Soils and <br /> Minerals; Use of Experienced Flood Data in Flood Plain Regulations, Technical <br /> <br />Report //4, November, 1971. <br /> <br />-12- <br /> <br /> <br />