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DE.~,~H OF' A BRANCH [alloy s a course roach like the reaction of the Iree to injury or <br />hffeclion. The Ilvi,g branch la) iSlSepar~t~ [rom lhe Iruok ~)' ~;I external [e31ure ¢311~d <br /> <br />ridge. 1 he swollen I,use of the b~t~ct~ Ls called the collar. As Ihe b~nch dit~ lb) it h i.~'ad~ <br />by decay-producing microorgallism~. The tree ma~hals chemical defens~ in a prolection <br />zone in ~he collar. The seqoe..ct, js ~semlal [or the sheddi.g of Ihe branch. I. most cases <br />~he decay slops al the collar. Somellmo. however, H~e deca~ [n~ades Ihe r~ <br />Ibc branch (c). If Iht dead b~nch Is pruned improperlytd},solhat the cut ts through the col- <br />lar, the protective zone h removed and Hte sapwood in lhe trunk ~ ope.ed to an <br /> <br />102 <br /> <br /> <br />