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Using cores from a two (2) year old fog seal and the lab permeability (ASTM PS 129-1) test <br />method it was demonstrated that fog seal did not allow water in liquid state to infiltrate the HMA <br />but allowed water in a vapor state to escape. (See Appendix C). <br />Figure 3: Nuclear density tester. <br />Task 4 <br />In Task 4 current methods used by cities to construct their streets was reviewed. These methods <br />were compared to MnDOT's standard specifications for paving. During discussion with agency <br />personnel one fact that relates to density became apparent. Most cities were using ordinary <br />compaction to obtain density. Ordinary compaction, when executed properly should yield good <br />density of the pavement. However, one issue with ordinary compaction is that contractor and <br />agency personnel must ensure that all areas of the pavement receive proper number of rolling <br />passes at proper temperature of asphalt mixture. When streets have variable widths and curves <br />are present it is more difficult to ensure the rolling pattern is consistent throughout asphalt <br />pavement placement. MnDOT recommends using specified density methods. With specified <br />density the agency will take cores randomly from pavement to verify that proper density has <br />been achieved (see Appendix D). <br />Task 5 <br />Analysis of the data collected in Task 3 was discussed and presented in Task 5. Using the <br />different methods outline above, it was shown that all the test methods correlated. The data <br />showed that streets had high variability in density from 7 to 12 percent air voids in areas close <br />stripped areas. In the areas with severe stripping cores were not able to be retained for testing. <br />This was due to the cores breaking into many pieces after pulling the core from the pavement. <br />Nuclear density testing showed great amount of variability in the mix weight per cubic foot from <br />4 <br />