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TABLE OF CONTENTS <br />CHAPTER 1: Introduction 1 <br />1.1 Background 1 <br />1.2 Research scope and objectives 2 <br />1.3 Overview of report 3 <br />CHAPTER 2: Evaluation of Chip Seals in Minnesota 4 <br />2.1 Field locations 4 <br />2.2 Field work conducted 9 <br />2.3 Laboratory work conducted 12 <br />2.4 Survey of municipal engineers 16 <br />CHAPTER 3: Results and Discussion 17 <br />3.1 Summary of field data and specimens collected 17 <br />3.2 Summary of laboratory data 24 <br />3.3 Survey results 29 <br />3.4 Discussion and observations 31 <br />CHAPTER 4: Conclusions and Recommendations 37 <br />4.1 Conclusions 37 <br />4.2 Recommendations 37 <br />REFERENCES 39 <br />Appendix A: Field Cores and Observations <br />Appendix B: Mix Testing and Properties <br />Appendix C: Fracture Energy Testing <br />Appendix D: Lab Permeability Testing <br />Appendix E: Hamburg Test Data <br />Appendix F: Nuclear Density and Ground Penetrating Radar Data <br />