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LIST OF FIGURES <br />Figure 1. (a) Surface and (b) underside of chip seal that has "flaked" with stripped material from <br />underlying asphalt pavement 2 <br />Figure 2. (a) State view and (b) Minneapolis -St. Paul metropolitan area view of locations of pavements <br />surveyed for field and laboratory work 4 <br />Figure 3. Truck -mounted rig used to obtain cores on -site 10 <br />Figure 4. Configuration of the NCAT Permeameter in attempts at field permeability testing 11 <br />Figure 5. Vehicle -mounted GPR used for site evaluation 12 <br />Figure 6. (a) Example of core extracted from pavement for study and (b) close-up of core shows <br />evidence of past chip seal treatments 13 <br />Figure 7. (a) Hamburg wheel tracker test machine and (b) DCT test machine used for the project <br />research 14 <br />Figure 8. (a) Asphalt permeability test and (b) TSR test rig used for the project research 15 <br />Figure 9. (a) Intact core and (b) core stripped under chip seal and between asphalt lifts, recovered from <br />city of Shoreview, MN 19 <br />Figure 10. Map of dielectric and density data collected at Newbury Alcove site in Woodbury, MN 21 <br />Figure 11. Specimens for stripping study undergoing Hamburg wheel testing 26 <br />Figure 12. Severity of stripping in chip -sealed pavements in 18 locations with maximum theoretical <br />density and percent air voids 32 <br />Figure 13. Comparison of stripping of cores collected from (a-b) straight portion (with chip seal) and (c- <br />d) cul-de-sac (unsealed) of Newbury Alcove in Woodbury, MN 35 <br />Figure 14. Possible contribution of chip seal to advanced cracking in (a) unsealed and (b) chip -sealed <br />pavement on Blue Heron Road in Woodbury, MN 36 <br />