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management in the same way that school administration has <br />become a career. <br /> <br />3. COMPETENCE OF ADMINISTRATION <br /> <br /> Proponents say: The quality of administration <br />under the council-manager plan is likely to be much higher, <br />not only because the chief administrator will be a skilled <br />expert but because the whole administrative organization is <br />integrated and operates under a single director who can <br />make maximum use of personnel and equipment, cutting across <br />departmental lines and viewing the needs of the municipal <br />government as a whole. <br /> <br /> Furthermore, the manager is likely to be a more <br />careful administrator than an elective official like the <br />mayor. Studies have shown that a large part of a mayor's <br />time is spent in speaking engagements, greeting visitors <br />and other activities of a ceremonial nature. Careful <br />administrative supervision becomes almost a physical <br />impossibility. On the other hand, managers are largely <br />free from these demands. A further consideration is that <br />an incompetent manager can be removed at once while a mayor <br />or other elective administrative official, even though <br />incompetent, must be retained until the end of his term. <br /> <br /> Opponents argue: It is dangerous to have all <br />administration centered in one individual. If <br />administration is divided among the mayor, council and <br />various administrative boards and independently elected <br />officials an incompetent or dishonest official will not <br />color the entire administration. If there is an efficiency <br />gained in administration it is at the expense of the <br />people's protection. <br /> <br />4. POPULAR CONTROL <br /> <br /> Proponents argue: Popular control is more <br />effective under the council-manager plan than under any <br />other plan of city government. The concentration of <br />responsibility in the council provides a focus of attention <br />for the voters. By changing the council, thelvoters can <br />influence municipal policy in all its aspects. Where there <br />are various boards, a mayor with administrative powers, and <br />a council, the prospect for popular control is <br />discouraging. Through the council in a manger-plan city <br />the people can quickly and effectively control <br />administration by the making of' policy and in the hiring <br />and firing of the manager. <br /> <br />-23- <br /> <br /> <br />