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Handbook for Playground Safety <br />B.2.6 Test fixtures <br />Two templates are required to determine if completely <br />bounded openings in rigid structures present an entrapment <br />hazard. These templates can easily be fabricated from card- <br />board, plywood, or sheet metal. <br />B.2.6.1 Small torso template <br />The dimensions (see Figure B3 and Figure B4) of this tem- <br />plate are based on the size of the torso of the smallest user at <br />risk (5th percentile 6-month-old child for Figure B3 and 2- <br />year-old child for Figure B4). If an opening is too small to <br />admit the template, it is also too small to permit feet first <br />entry by a child. Because children's heads are larger than <br />their torsos, an opening that does not admit the small torso <br />template will also prevent head first entry into an opening by <br />a child. <br />B.2.6.2 Large head template <br />The dimensions (see Figure B5) of this template are based <br />on the largest dimension on the head of the largest child at <br />risk (95th percentile 5-year-old child). If an opening is large <br />enough to permit free passage of the template, it is large <br />enough to permit free passage of the head of the largest child <br />at risk in any orientation. Openings large enough to permit <br />free passage of the large head template will not entrap the <br />chest of the largest child at risk. <br />B.2.6.3 Completely bounded openings with <br />unlimited depth <br />B.2.6.3.1 Test procedure <br />Step l: Select the appropriate small torso template based <br />on the intended users of the playground (Figure B3 <br />for toddler playgrounds, Figure B4 for preschool - <br />and school -age playgrounds). <br />Step 2: Identify all completely bounded openings. <br />Step 3: Attempt to place the small torso template in the <br />opening with the plane of the template parallel to <br />the plane of the opening. While keeping it parallel <br />to the plane of the opening, the template should be <br />rotated to its most adverse orientation (i.e., major <br />axis of template oriented parallel to the major axis <br />of the opening.) <br />Step 4: Determine if the small torso template can freely <br />pass through the opening. <br />No: Pass. Stop Yes: Continue <br />Step 5: Place the large head template in the opening, again <br />with the plane of the template parallel to the plane <br />of the opening, and try to insert it through the <br />opening. <br />Pass: The large head template can be freely insert- <br />ed through the opening <br />Fail: The opening admits the small torso template <br />but does not admit the large head template. <br />iiiiiiiiiiii <br />0 <br />110414,0,0,04, <br />49 <br />