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4.0 DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS <br />4.1 Proposed Construction <br />This project will include improving the following streets within the Autumn Height area within <br />the City of Ramsey; 167th Lane NW, 168th Lane NW, Nutria Street NW,168th Avenue NW, Rabbit <br />Street NW and 169th Avenue NW. <br />Based correspondence with the City of Ramsey we understand that street improvements could <br />include completely removing and replacing the existing pavements or a full -depth reclamation. <br />We further understand that no sanitary sewer or watermain utilities will be installed as part of <br />this project. However, culvert and/or storm sewer installation or replacement will likely be <br />included in the project. <br />We anticipate that site grading will consist of earthwork necessary for roadway reconstruction <br />and we do not anticipate any significant changes in the roadway alignment or roadway grades. <br />Cuts or fills involving permanent grade change, if any, are assumed to be less than 1 feet. Invert <br />elevations or pipe burial depths for any storm sewer and/or culvert installation are anticipated to <br />be on the order of 5 feet. <br />We were not provided any information regarding traffic volumes such as Average Annual Daily <br />Traffic (AADT) counts or vehicle distribution for the roadways. We assumed these roadways will <br />be utilized mainly by automobiles, light trucks and school buses with weekly use by heavier <br />vehicles such as garbage trucks and UPS or FedEx type delivery vehicles. Based on the number <br />of homes along the roadways we estimate the pavement will be subjected to less than 50,000 <br />Equivalent Single Axle Loads (EASL's) over a design life of 20 years. The ESAL's estimated above <br />have not been adjusted for any future growth. <br />Changes in the nature, design, or location of all or parts of this project may occur. Likewise, if the <br />proposed traffic volumes exceed these values we should be informed. Additional analyses and <br />revised recommendations may be necessary. <br />4.2 Discussion <br />Pavements Based on the maintenance history provided it appears that the pavements were <br />initially constructed in the late 1970's thru the late 1980's. A maintenance program including seal <br />coating and bituminous overlays occurred in the 1980's thru to about 2004. The roadways appear <br />to be in excess of 30 years old but given their age they appear to have generally performed as <br />designed and based on an assumed 20-year service life, the pavements have likely significantly <br />exceeded their design life. <br />We observed longitudinal and transvers cracks with some "alligator" or fatigue cracking of the <br />pavement surfaces. The cracking observed could be the result of a combination of factors <br />including; inadequate pavement thickness, pavement age and possibly frost action/frost heave. <br />Longitudinal cracking are cracks parallel to the pavement centerline or laydown direction. These <br />can be caused by poor joint construction, reflective cracking from an underlying layer, fatigue <br />cracking or top -down cracking resulting from the age of the pavement or due to expansion and <br />contraction of the pavement surface or increased loads/traffic on the pavements. Transverse <br />8 <br />