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adults reported symptoms of depression or anxiety, up from 11 percent in the first half of 2019.46 The mental health impacts of the pandemic have been particularly acute for adults ages 18 to 24, racial and ethnic minorities, caregivers for adults, and essential workers, with all reporting significantly higher rates of considering suicide.47 The proportion of children's emergency department visits related to mental health has also risen noticeably.48 Similarly, rates of substance use and overdose deaths have spiked: preliminary data from the CDC show a nearly 30 percent increase in drug overdose mortality from April 2020 to April 2021, bringing the estimated overdose death toll for a 12-month period over 100,000 for the first time ever.49 The CDC also found that 13 percent of adults started or increased substance use to cope with stress related to COVID-19 and 26 percent reported having symptoms of trauma- and stressor-related disorder (TRSD) related to the pandemic.5° Another public health challenge exacerbated by the pandemic was violent crime and gun violence, which increased during the pandemic and has disproportionately impacted low-income communities.51 According to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), although the property crime rate fell 8 percent in 2020, the violent crime rate increased 6 percent in 2020 compared to 46 Nirmita Panchal et al., The Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Abuse (Feb. 10, 2021), https://www.kff.org/coronaviruscovid-19/issue-brief/the-implications-of-covid-19- for -mental -health -and -substance - use/#: —:text= Older%20adults%20are%20also%20 more,prior%20to%20the%20current%20crisis; Mark E. Czeisler et al., Mental Health, Substance Abuse, and Suicidal Ideation During COVID-19 Pandemic— United States, June 24- 30 2020, Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 69(32):1049-57 (Aug. 14, 2020), http s ://www. c do . gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm69 3 2 a 1. htm. 47 Id. 48 Rebecca T. Leeb et al., Mental Health -Related Emergency Department Visits Among Children Aged <18 Years During the COVID Pandemic United States, January 1-October 17, 2020, Morb. Mortal. Wkly. Rep. 69(45):1675-80 (Nov. 13, 2020), https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/mm6945a3.htm. 49 Centers for Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for Health Statistics, Provisional Drug Overdose Death Counts, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/vsrr/drug-overdose-data.htm (last visited May 8December 6, 2021). 'Panchal, supra note 42; Mark E. Czeisler et al., supra note 42. 51 The White House, FACT SHEET: More Details on the Biden-Harris Administration's Investments in Community Violence Interventions (April 7, 2021), https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements- releases/2021 /04/07/fact-sheet-more-details-on-the-biden-harris-administrations-investments-in-community- violence-interventions/. 50