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b. ASSISTANCE TO SMALL BUSINESSES <br />Background <br />The pandemic has severely impacted many businesses, with small businesses hit <br />especially hard. Small businesses make up nearly half of U.S. private -sector employment205 and <br />play a key role in supporting the overall economic recovery as they are responsible for two-thirds <br />of net new jobs.206 Since the beginning of the pandemic, however, 400,000 small businesses have <br />closed, with many more at risk.207 Sectors with a large share of small business employment have <br />been among those with the most drastic drops in employment.208 The negative outlook for small <br />businesses has continued: as of November 2021, approximately 66 percent of small businesses <br />reported that the pandemic has had a moderate or large negative effect on their business, and <br />over a third expect that it will take over 6 months for their business to return to their normal level <br />of operations.209 <br />This negative outlook is likely the result of many small businesses having faced periods <br />of closure and having seen declining revenues as customers stayed home.210 In general, small <br />205 Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, Monetary Policy Report (June 12, 2020), <br />https://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/ 2020-06-mpr-summary.htm. <br />2°6 U.S. Small Business Administration, Office of Advocacy, Small Businesses Generate 44 Percent of U.S. <br />Economic Activity (Jan. 30, 2019), https://advocacy.sba.gov/2019/01/30/small-businesses-generate-44-percent-of-u- <br />s-economic-activity/. <br />207 Joseph R. Biden, Remarks by President Biden on Helping Small Businesses (Feb. 22, 2021), https:// <br />www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/speechesremarks/2021 /02/22/remarks-by-president-bidenon-helping-small- <br />businesses/. <br />208 Daniel Wilmoth, U.S. Small Business Administration Office of Advocacy, The Effects of the COVID-19 <br />Pandemic on Small Businesses, Issue Brief No. 16 (Mar. 2021), available at https://cdn.advocacy.sba.gov/wp- <br />content/uploads/2021 /03/02112318/COVID-19-Impact-On-Small-Business.pdf. <br />2°9 U.S. Census Bureau, Small Business Pulse Survey, https://portal.census.gov/pulse/data/ (last visited December 7, <br />2021). <br />21° Olivia S. Kim et al., Revenue Collapses and the Consumption of Small Business Owners in the Early Stages of <br />the COVID-19 Pandemic (Nov. 2020), https://www.nber.org/papers/w28151. <br />142 <br />