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growth needs. Other types of eligible water or sewer projects will not be subject to this cost- <br />effectiveness test, including lead line replacement and lead remediation.304 <br />In the case of projects that expand drinking water service infrastructure to satisfy a <br />projected increase in population, the project must also be sustainable, meaning that the project <br />can continue providing the adequate minimum level of service for its estimated useful life, taking <br />into account projected impacts of changes to the climate and other expected demands on the <br />source of water. For example, a reservoir rehabilitation project may not be pursued if the <br />reservoir will no longer be able to provide an adequate source of drinking water before the end of <br />the estimated useful life of the improvements to the reservoir. In areas currently impacted by <br />drought or where drought conditions are expected to be more frequent or more severe in the <br />future, sources of drinking water may be diminished more quickly than in prior periods. In <br />considering how much of a source of water will be available in the future for the drinking water <br />project, a recipient must consider that a source of water may be drawn upon or otherwise used <br />for other current and expected uses, including use by fish and other wildlife. <br />The final rule applies this sustainability condition to projects that expand drinking water <br />service infrastructure to satisfy a projected increase in population but not to other drinking water <br />projects. When a new source of water is required to remedy an existing threat to public health, as <br />in the case of source projects eligible under the DWSRF, sustainability should be a <br />consideration, but in some cases, the need to replace a contaminated source may mean that a less <br />sustainable choice may be made. When faced with such an issue, such as in the case of a <br />contaminated well system, a project to replace the contaminated source can be said to be <br />304 In such cases, either the projects are presumptively cost-effective (e.g., lead projects would always be considered <br />cost-effective given the costs imposed by lead poisoning) or a cost-effectiveness test is less relevant given the lack <br />of available alternatives or the relatively low cost of the project. <br />268 <br />