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a water quality benefit. Habitat restoration projects more generally may also be eligible under the <br />CWSRF and the final rule if they constitute a form of stormwater infrastructure. <br />Expansion of Drinking Water Service Infrastructure <br />Public Comment: Commenters asked for the ability to use funds for drinking water <br />projects for the purpose of meeting needs arising from future growth, which, given the <br />restrictions applicable to the DWSRF, was not permitted under the interim final rule. <br />Treasury Response: As provided for in the SDWA, the DWSRF is meant to serve the <br />public health needs of the existing population. The EPA regulation implementing the DWSRF <br />program provides that projects needed primarily to serve future population growth are not <br />eligible uses of the DWSRF. A project that is intended primarily to address public health or <br />regulatory compliance issues for the existing service population may be sized for a "reasonable" <br />amount of population growth over the useful life of the project.325 <br />ARPA does not include the same limitation as the SDWA. Accordingly, the final rule <br />provides that recipients may use SLFRF funds for projects that are needed to support increased <br />population in certain cases. ARPA limits projects to those investments that are "necessary." As <br />discussed above, Treasury interprets this to mean that the investments must be (1) responsive to <br />an identified need to achieve or maintain an adequate minimum level of service, which for some <br />eligible project categories may include a reasonable projection of increased need, whether due to <br />population growth or otherwise and (2) a cost-effective means for meeting that need, taking into <br />account available alternatives. For this eligible use category, expansion of drinking water service <br />infrastructure, the project must also be projected to be sustainable over its estimated useful life. <br />325 See 40 CFR 35.3520(e)(5). <br />289 <br />