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Confirming our love of cars and everything about <br />them, them are parking requirements for automobile <br />display, ddve-in daides, drive-through establishments, <br />lube-n-tune shops, tire recapping, truck storage, and <br />used car sales. And true to the stereotype about our <br />love of finery are the parking requirements for cosmetic <br />processing, custom dressmakers, millinery shops, shoe <br />· shops, and shoeshine kiosks. R~ady, the qark[ng <br /> requirements for se~f-defense studios and homes for <br /> the aged suggest that we look to the flJture with con- <br /> cern for our safety and hope for long Ufo. <br /> <br /> PARKING REQUIREMENTS AND <br /> PARKING TECHNOLOGY <br /> <br />the number of parking spaces with the capacity to park <br />cars in them because the capacity afa parking tot or <br /> <br />for land and capital in parking cars. Automated <br /> <br />no[o~ for parking spaces. Requirements for a minimum <br />number of parking spaces eliminate the option to sub- <br />stitute labor for land and capital [n providing parked- <br /> <br />ultimately consumed when drivers leave their cars. <br /> The capacity ora parking lot or structure is the <br />number of parked-car-hours per hour it can proviPe. <br />This capacity can be increased by devoting less space <br /> <br /> Parking consumphon also has quallty dimensions, <br />~ncluding the sa fe.'y of the parked cars and their owners. <br />the speed of parking and unparking, protection from <br />weather, and the like. In focusing' on the sheer number of <br />parking spaces, off-street parking requirements neglect <br /> <br />ply can most efficiently meet parking demand. European <br />and Asian cities have installed hundreds of automated <br /> <br />pulls into the entr~vay of what looks like a single-car <br /> <br />determine when all people have left the garege. The car <br />is then lifted on a pallet and transferred from the entry <br /> <br />view. the system works like valet parking, although the <br />driver keeps the keys anP no tip is expected, As an <br />added advanta§e for urban desi§n, the structure's facade <br /> <br />titular advantage for underground parking. Conventional under,round struc~res <br />require expensive excavation, shoring, waterproofing, fireproofing, lighting, and venti- <br />lation, so reducing the volume of a structure greatly reduces its cost. Furthermore. <br /> <br />when inside the structure. Automated garages require pray hmf the volume of conven- <br /> Despite their advantages, automated ~arages are rare in the U.S., in part <br /> <br />Furthermore, because the generous suppW of required parking spaces has reduced <br />the price of most parking to zero in the U.S., off-street parkin~ requirements have <br />requced the potential profitability of automated garages and delayed their deve~op- <br />mont. Parking requirements have also retarded the adoption of technolo§ies that <br />a~low conventional garages to satisfy demand with fewer spaces. Electronic signs, for <br /> <br />directly to a level witl~ available spaces, In same §ara§es, stalls have ceiling-mounted <br /> <br />ZONING PRACTiCS t.st <br /> <br /> 151 <br /> <br /> <br />