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• Topography is important. Large, flat areas are optimal. While it may be technically feasible in <br />certain cases to develop mounting structures for steeply sloped areas (greater than 15%) usually <br />the cost of engineering and custom mounting structures is too high to be economically feasible. <br />CLP sites have significant area where topography on the cap and in the buffer is conducive to <br />solar development. <br />• Construction activities and solar generating equipment used on the cap area must not impact the <br />integrity of the landfill cap and the gas management systems if present. The load limit of the cap <br />dictates the weight of the construction equipment that can be used to install solar generating <br />systems. Typically, the cap cannot be penetrated, so solar panels attach to the surface using <br />weighted ("ballasted") racking systems, and above -ground cabling systems to avoid burying wires. <br />• Heavy concrete pads and inverters (electrical equipment) are typically placed in the buffer area to <br />avoid settlement issues on the cap. <br />• Solar development in a buffer area is conducted as a typical solar development without the <br />unique conditions of the cap area. <br />• Like any solar energy development, a solar PV system on a closed landfill needs to be connected <br />to an electrical "load" or user. A load can be a local user through a distribution system or the <br />electrical grid through the regional transmission system. A load could also be an energy storage <br />system. <br />The aerial photo below illustrates a typical closed landfill site and the basic features mentioned <br />throughout this report. <br />5 <br />