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4.6 Estimated Operation and Maintenance Costs <br /> Operation and maintenance (O&M) costs for major surface WTPs vary considerably with the types of <br /> unit processes and water quality characteristics. To develop O&M costs for a surface WTP, O&M costs <br /> from Moorhead, Minnesota (a 10 MGD lime softening surface WTP), were used as the basis for this <br /> study and proportioned based on the size of the new surface WTPs. The costs include labor, <br /> chemicals, electricity, building costs, residual byproduct disposal, and administrative costs. <br /> Table 4-4.Annual Operation and Maintenance Costs for Surface WTPs. <br /> Alternative Treatment Plant <br /> O&M <br /> Approach 1 —2040 Demands 19 5 900 000 <br /> (7.8 MGD Water Provided) ' <br /> Approach 1 —Ultimate Demands <br /> (29 MGD Water Provided) $17,500,000 <br /> Page—24 1 METROPOLITAN COUNCIL <br />