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blow clippings off the trail surface. <br />7.03 'Brushing' refers to the practice of cutting weeds, woody plants and small trees that encroach into <br />the 2'+ foot clear zone referenced above. <br />a. Some work is done by hand, but most is performed with specialized brush mowers, <br />mounted to light equipment. <br />b. Due to the size and velocity of debris thrown from the machine, 'Trail Closed' and other <br />signage is deployed to separate trail users from this maintenance activity. <br />7.04 Pruning and Trimming trees along and over trailways is done at least two times a year. <br />a. Branches are cleared to a minimum of 9' feet overhead and limbs projecting out into the <br />trailside 'clear zone' are also removed. <br />b. Trees that are demonstrably in jeopardy of falling onto the trail may be identified and <br />removed at this same time. <br />c. Dead and downed trees that are away from the trail are considered valuable wildlife <br />habitat and are not removed. <br />d. As for clear zone maintenance activity along sidewalks, most of the adjacent areas are <br />maintained by homeowners. <br />e. Pruning of these boulevard trees is nonetheless critical to maintain clear passage as well <br />as sight -lines for both pedestrians and motorists. <br />f. Pruning should be done during the tree's dormant period of late Fall, Winter and <br />sometimes early Spring. <br />g. Homeowners are asked to prune their trees for the above reasons, but Public Works staff <br />trained in proper tree care, do travel throughout the sidewalk system before and during <br />the snow removal season to provide these safety pruning services. <br />h. This pruning includes properly pruning low limbs back to the tree's trunk, so as to not <br />create hazardous 'stub -cuts' or branches that are cut off and jut out towards the clear <br />zone. <br />SECTION 8.0 LITTER AND REFUSE MANAGEMENT <br />8.01 Litter and general garbage and debris is picked up as needed and also as part of the reoccurring <br />mowing. <br />8.02 After the snowmelt each Winter, staff are sent out onto all trails for a concerted litter recovery — <br />before the Spring 'green -up' begins to conceal trash in wooded trail corridors. <br />8.03 Some longer off -roadway trails have trash receptacles placed periodically along trails near intersections <br />with maintenance accesses or trail heads, which are emptied weekly during park system trash disposal runs. <br />SECTION 9.0 BOARDWALK AND OTHER TRAIL MAINTENANCE <br />9.01 Trails other than bituminous <br />a. Most of the city's trail system consists of 8' and 10' foot bituminous trails, with only short <br />segments of crushed and compacted aggregate — with the latter not needing formal, <br />71t'age <br />