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<br /> <br />green roofs as architectural details. (See <br />www.ci.emeryville.ca.us/plan n ingl pdf I stor <br />mwater-&,uidelin es.pdf.) <br /> <br />Separate Ordinances for New Development, <br />Redevelopment, and Infill <br />Redevelopment is almost universally more <br />difficult than greenfield development. <br />Without careful application, stormwater <br />requirements may tip the balance for dever- <br />opers who cannot make projects fiscally <br />viable. EPA's post-construction language in <br />the 1999 notice has "new development" <br />and "redevelopment" together, but a good <br />stormwater plan can benefit from develop- <br />ing separate ordinances. <br />The State of Wisconsin has a nationally <br />recognized program of water protection for <br />lakes and rivers. In determining stormwater <br />standards. the state recognizes that different <br />development types require different rules. <br />Consequently, the state has settled on a sys- <br />tem to tier water quality performance meas- <br />ures for best management practices based on <br />whether the site is new development, redevel- <br />opment, or infiH. (See www.dnr.state.wi.us/ <br />org/water Iwml n psI storm water I post-constr I.) <br /> <br />Overlays for Areas Requiring Special <br />Protection or Incentives <br />Overlay zones are a popular zoning tool and <br />can also be applied to protect stream buffer <br />areas or target areas with a BMP. Overlays <br />are also an option when the completion of a <br />comprehensive watershed plan is years <br />away, but immediate steps are needed <br />within land development regulations to pro- <br /> <br />48 <br /> <br />teet natural resources. To see this approach <br />in action visit the web site of the New York <br />Rural Water Association, which uses an over- <br />lay zone to protect rural waters as part of a <br />larger rural planning effort. (See www. <br />nyruralwater.orgl down loads/b uHeti nsl <br />booklet.pdf.) <br /> <br />A separate stormwater <br />code is good for <br />communities without <br />zoning or for those <br />unable to revisiting an <br />existing code. <br /> <br />Make Land-Efficient Growth Policies <br />Stormwater BMPs <br />EPA suggests several smart growth practices <br />for a stormwater management program, <br />including infiH and guiding growth to areas <br />with existing development. <br />The City of San Jose, California, takes <br />advantage of state permit flexibility to clas- <br />sify designated affordable housing projects <br />as stormwater BMPs. In recognition that <br />pressure for affordable and workforce hous- <br />ing was pushing development outward, the <br />city created a management structure to con- <br />sider which housing developments could <br />qualify. (For the code language see www. <br />sanjoseca.gov Iplanningl stormwater/poL <br />stormwater.pdf.) <br /> <br />Opportunities within Land Development <br />Regulations <br />Elements within land development regulations <br />are ripe for reform. including those that would <br />help reduce impervious surfaces. As stated <br />earlier, parking is the frontier for such efforts, <br />along with provisions for lot sizes, height limi- <br />tations, landscaping, and setbacks that can <br />push development outward. <br />EPA's Parking Spaces, Community Places <br />has numerous examples of flexible parking. If <br />your community uses an aerial photography <br />service for tax assessments or environmental <br />planning. consider using those images to esti- <br />mate parking demand and oversupply. (See <br />www.epa.gov/smartgrowth.) <br /> <br /> <br />ZONING PRACTICE 11.06 <br />AMERICAN PlANNING ASSOCIATION I page 6 <br />