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Twin Cities metropolitan area water supply at a glance <br />Water supply sources, demand, and infrastructure <br />Twin Cities metropolitan area water supply sources include four extensive underground layers of rock, <br />gravel and sand (aquifers) which hold and transport billions of gallons of water for over two million <br />people; the Mississippi River which supplies huge volumes of water for commercial, industrial and <br />residential uses; and treated stormwater and wastewater which could potentially provide water for <br />non -drinkable uses such as cooling or irrigation. A variety of factors must be considered when using <br />any of these sources. <br />11114.".1.—"1610 <br />0 <br />Stormwater Reuse <br />© Wastewater <br />Reuse <br />Mississippi <br />River <br />19 municipal <br />systems <br />a <br />Quaternary <br />24 municipal systems <br />a <br />I <br />0 <br />Prairie du Chien — Jordan <br />83 municipal systems <br />Tunnel City — Wonewoc <br />30 municipal systems <br />Mount Simon — Hinckley <br />35 municipal systems <br />Figure 1. Water supply sources of the Twin Cities metropolitan area. <br />Water supply source considerations <br />include: <br />• Access to the source — not all sources are <br />equally available or productive across the <br />region <br />• Seasonal variability of the supply — <br />stormwater is not available in the winter <br />• Recharge rates — some aquifers replenish <br />more quickly than others <br />• Nearby competing demands <br />• Vulnerability to contamination and/or <br />existing natural or manmade contamination <br />(examples: nitrate, PFAS, TCE, arsenic, <br />radium, chloride) <br />• Regulated withdrawal limits and treatment <br />requirements to protect public and <br />environmental health <br />• Funding challenges <br />Page - 5 I METROPOLITAN COUNCIL <br />