Agenda - Planning Commission - 07/09/2009

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TABLE 3. TMA PARKING REQUIREMENT REDUCTIQNS (This table shows how a transportation manogement association can reduce porking requirements by helping to impiement specific management strategies) WithoutTMA (p.ercentage) TABLE 2. PARKING MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES (This table summarizes potential parking management strategies. It indicates the typical reduction in the amount of parking required ot a destinotion, and whether a strategy helps reduce vehicle traffic, thereby also providing congestion, accident, and pollutian-reduction benefits.) Strategy Shared Parking Description Typical Traffic Reduction Reduction Parking sp.aces serve multiple users and destinations 10-30% ...................................................................n................................__............................................................................... Favor highervaliJe uses such as service vehicles, Parking Regulations deliveries, customers, quick errands, and people 10-30% with special needs ............n..........u............................._............................................................................................................................. More Accurate and Adjust parking standards to more accuratelyreflect Flexible Standards demanc! in a particular situation 10-30% ...................................................................................................................................................................................... Parking Maximums Establish maximum parking standards 10-30% ...................................................................................................................................................................................... Remote Parking Provides off-site or urban fringe p"arking facilities 10-30% .................................................................n..........................................................n....................................................... .Encourages more compact, m.ixed, multimodalland- use development ...................................................................................................................................................................................... -,J Walking and Cycling Improve walking and cycling conditions to expand the ...!.~?~?.~:~:~~..........:..m~~~~.~:.~~~~!~~~i.~.~.:..~.::.:.i.:~~.~y..~.~~:~!~~:!::5~~~~..m..__.....~~~.~,:.~.......m.......__~.......... Smart Growth 10-30% Increased Capacity of Existingfacilities Increases parking supply by using otherwise wasted space, smaller stalls, car stackers, and valet parking 5-150/0 ...............................................................#........................................................,.............................................................. Mobility Management Encourages more efficient travel patterns, including changes in mode, timing, destination; and vehicle trip freq'uency 10-30% -,J ......................................................................................................................................n.............................................. Parking Pricing Charges motorists directly and efficiently for using parking facilities 10-30% Improved Pricing Methods Uses better charging techniques to make pricing more convenient and cost-effective Varies . . ..............................................................,....................................................................................................................... Rnanciallncentives Provide financial incentives to shift modes 10-30% _I ......................__.......................................................................................................................~.........................-:v........... Rent or sell parking facilities separately from building ~~ w~~ Unbundled Parking Parking Tax Reform Change tax policies to support parking management objectives 5-150/0 ...................................................................................................................................................................................... ...~~~~.~~..~~:~)~~.i.~.:..... ........~:~~~~~.~!.~y.~~:.:.:~~~~.~.~.~..~.~.~.~.~~~~.~~~~!~~:~.........__: ......? ::.:?~:~........ ............:-1.......... Improved User Provides convenient and accurate information on '.1 Information parking availability and price 5-15% 'V ...................................................................................................................................................................................... Improved Ensures that parking regulation enforcement is Enforcement efficient, considerate, and fair ..............................................................................--...................................................................................................... Varies Transportation Management Associations Esta'blish member-mntrolled organizations that. provide transport and parking management services in a particular area Varies -,J ...............................................................................................--..................................................................................... . . Overflow Plans Establish plans to manage occasional peak parking demands Varies .....................................................................................................................n............................................................... Address Spillover Problems Use management, enforcement, and pricing to address spillover problems Varies ...................................................................................................................................................................................... Parking Facility Design and' Operation Improve parking facility design and operations to help Varies solve problems and support parking management Source: From Donald Shoup (1519s). "An Opportunity to Reduce Minimum Parking Requirements:," Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 61. No. '1, Winter 1995. ing pricing will have greater demand-reduction impacts if implemented in conjunction with improvements in ride- share and public transit services. . Financial incentives tend to have greater impacts on lower income consumers. . Some strategies are complementary. For example, shareq parking becomes more effective if implemented . . with suitable regulations, pricing, and walkability im- provements. . Impacts generally increase as programs mature. Evaluating multiple strategies Planners should take special care when predicting the impacts of a program that includes multiple parking management strategies. Some impacts overlap, while others have synergistic effects and become more effective if implemented together. For example, transportation management associa- tions (rMAs) provide an institutional framework for implementing strategies that directly affect parking requirements. While it would be true to say that a TMA can reduce parking requirements by 10 to 30 percent, it would be incorrectto add the demand re- ductions ofthe TMA to the impacts ofthe individual strategies it helps implement. Here is an illustration. Without a TMA, park- ing sharing, pricing, and mobility management strategies may each reduce parking requirements by 10 percent, but with a TMA they become more effective, providing reductions of 15 percent. Table 3 illustrates the incremental gain that can be attrib- uted to the TMA due to the increase in the effective- ness of other strategies. In this example, the TMA causes an additional 12 percent reduction in park- ing requirements by enhancing the effects of other management strategies. . Total impacts are multiplicative, not additive. Shared parking reduces parking requirements bYl0 percent, to 90 percent of the original level. The 10 percent reduction due to the parking pricing strategy reduces this further to 81 percent of the original level, and another 10 percent reduction from mobil- ity management results in 73 percent of the original level. Thi~ results ina 27 percent reduction, some- what less than the 30 percent reduction that might be expected if the total were calculated by adding . three .10 percent reductions. Examples of Successful Parking Management Programs Downtown Pasadena, California, redevelopment. During the 1970S, Old Pasadena's downtown had become run-down, with many derelict and abandoned buildings and few customers-partly because of limited parking for customers. Curb parking was restricted to two hours, but many With TMA (percentage) Reduction (percentage) Shared Parking 10 15 5 ..............................................................................................................;..........................................;.............. ...?~:.~i.~.?:.~.:~:i.~.?:...............................u....~?............................~...............u:?...................................?............ ...~.~.~.~~~~.fY.\.~.~.~.?:~~.~~~...........................:9.u.....,..................,.;.....,.. ........:?...................................?............ Totallmpacts 100%-(90%X90%) = 27% 100%-(85%x85%) = 39% 12 Source: From.Donald Shoup (::1.995). "An Opportunity to Reduce Minimum Parking Requirements." Journal of the American-Planniog Association, Vol. 61. No. 1. Winter 1995. 68 ZONINGPRACTlCE 6.09 _ AMERICAN PlANNING ASSOCIATION Ipage 4