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the way for acceptance and, more important, it will permit vital input from organized interests which will lead to the evolution of a well -integrated plan. Effective coordination between members of the planning teams is also essential to the development of a successful master plan. A balanced effort is not easy to achieve because of the many disciplines in- volved in the plan's preparation. For Large projects, input may be required from economists; financiers; scientists; architects; civil, mechanical, electrical, and traffic engineers; pilots; air traffic controllers; airline and concessionaire advisers; and airport managers. And to put the airport in its proper perspective, the roles of the environmentalist, ecologist, and urban planner must not be overlooked. This is why the role of the coordinator of the master plan effort is so important. He must keep the en- thusiasm of his advisers in check in order to balance the study efforts and costs of various master plan elements. If he is successful, he will develop a saleable master plan which will lead to the construction of a functional airport that blends pleasantly into the en- vironment. Coordination efforts required for development of the master plan will not be discussed in further detail in this introduction. Rather, they are elaborated on for each stage of development of the master plan in the chapters which follow. 5. Master Plan Phases and Elements. Plan- ning efforts required for proper development of an airport vary with the size of the area or community which the airport is to serve and with the complexity of the airport for which a master plan is to be estab- lished. The phases and elements of study and develop- ment which may be included in the master plan effort, whether in toto or in part, are identified below. The extent of their inclusion depends on the size and status of the airport for which the master plan is to be pre- pared. The magnitude of development of the elements will depend on the size of the community the airport is to serve and on information which may be available from earlier planning efforts, such as State, regional, or metropolitan area airport system plans. a. Phase I, Airport Requirements. (1) Inventory. The initial step in the prepara- tion of master plans is the collection of all types of data pertaining to the area which the airport is to serve. This includes inventory of existing airport facilities, area planning efforts which may affect the 4 master plan, and historical information related to their development. (2) Forecasts of Aviation Demand. This ele- ment of the master plan should provide short, intermediate, and long-range fore- casts (approximately 5, 10, and 20 years) of air traffic including based aircraft, air- craft mix, aircraft operations, and enplaned passenger, air cargo, and airport access data. Aviation demand forecasts will be based on social, environmental, economic, and technical factors. It should be kept in mind that 20-year forecasts will be very approximate in nature. Demand/Capacity Analysis. Demand/ ca- pacity analysis will provide a basis for determination of facility requirements and feasibility. It should include cost benefit analysis. Demand/capacity analysis should be applied to aircraft operations versus airfield improvements; to passenger en- planements versus terminal building im- provements; to airport access traffic versus access roads and rapid transit facilities; and to other improvements as may be appropriate. (4) Facility Requirement Determination. This element of the airport master plan pro- vides for the establishment of a list of requirements for items such as the length, strength, and number of runways; number of gates; areas of aprons; square footage of terminal buildings and cargo buildings; number of public and employee parking spaces; types of airport access roads and rapid transit facilities; and the overall land area required for the airport. The list of facility requirements should not delve into matters of feasibility, site selec- tion, or design concepts. The list will be used as a basis for making these studies. Environmental Study. Environmental fac- tors should be carefully considered in the development of an airport master plan, both in the site selection process and in the design of the airport. Environmental studies should be made by qualified ex- perts. The results of the studies should be incorporated into the development of the master plan to insure that the airport will be compatible with the environment. (3) (5)