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National Highway Traffic Safety Administration/ Virginia Tech Transportation <br />Institute <br />Impact of Driver Inattention on Near-Crash/Crash Risk: An Analysis Using the <br />100-Car Naturalistic Driving Study Data (Klauer et al., 2006)16 <br />This study analyzed the data from a driving database developed by the National Highway <br />Traffic Safety Administration. This database contained exhaustive data recorded by <br />instrumented vehicles that measured glance position, impairment, drowsiness, risk taking <br />and many other parameters potentially involved in crash causation. Vehicles were <br />instrumented so that an observer did not need to be in the vehicle to collect data. <br />Automated data collection reduced the problem of an observer influencing driver <br />behavior. The study found that glances of two seconds or greater doubled the risk of <br />crashes or near -crashes. The study also found that 22 percent of crashes are accompanied <br />by "secondary -task" distraction whether inside or outside the vehicle. <br />National Highway Traffic Safety Administration/ Virginia Tech Transportation <br />Institute <br />Driver Inattention is a Major Factor in Serious Traffic Crashes (2001) " <br />The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration commissioned a study to examine <br />the causes of crashes. The study gathered information from four areas throughout the <br />country and used data from the National Automotive Sampling System (NASS) from <br />April 1996-April 1997 for analysis. The geographic areas were selected because they had <br />good crash investigation practices and high interview completion rates. The results of <br />this study are summarized in Table 2. <br />Table 2. Crash Causation Summary <br />Causal Category Percentage of Drivers <br />Contributing to Causation <br />Driver Inattention 22.7 <br />Vehicle Speed 18.7 <br />Alcohol Impairment 18.2 <br />Perceptual Errors 15.1 <br />Decision Errors 10.1 <br />Incapacitation 6.4 <br />Other 8.8 <br />Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine <br />The Role of Driver Inattention in Crashes; New Statistics from the <br />1995 Crashworthiness Data System (Wang, 1996)18 <br />This report analyzed the NHTSA 1995 Crash Worthiness Data System (CDS). It found <br />that the greatest source of driver distraction (3.2 percent) was due to a specified person, <br />object or event outside the vehicle. The full results of the study are presented in Table 3. <br />11 <br />