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TRAFFIC CALMING TREATMENTS. <br />Traffic calming treatments are generally applied to locations ex- <br />periencing high traffic speeds. Traffic speeds should be lowered to <br />enable any type of at -grade crossing. Traffic calming treatments can <br />also be used to shorten crossing distances and improve pedestrian <br />visibility. The shortened crossing distances reduce the total time of <br />exposure to conflicting traffic, resulting in safer crossing environ- <br />ments. These treatments may be completed in conjunction with other <br />uncontrolled crossing treatments. <br />A variety of traffic calming treatments are outlined in Table 4 on <br />page 25 (treatments should be justified with an engineering study). <br />Examples of selected treatment options are also shown at right. <br />For more information on traffic calming treatment options, please <br />see these resources (in addition to the sources listed below): <br />• LRRB Report MN/RC-1999-01, Effective Traffic Calming <br />Applications and Implementation; <br />• TRS 0801, Traffic Calming for High Speed Rural Highways <br />• LRRB Report 2013-31, Implications of Modifying State Aid <br />Standards: Urban Construction or Reconstruction to Accom- <br />modate Various Roadway Users <br />http://mndot.gov/planning/completestreets <br />CHANNELIZEDTURN LANE WITH RAISED <br />CROSSING <br />CURB BUMP -OUTS <br />'`z ^ <br />,1316. <br />ROAD DIET/4-LANE TO 3-LANE CONVERSION <br />sources: <br />"Minnesota's Best Practices for Pedestrian/Bicycle Safety," MnDOT Office of Traffic, Safety and Technology, September 2013. <br />"Best Practices Synthesis and Guidance in At -Grade Trail-CrossIng Treatments," Minnesota Department of Transportation, St.Paul, MN, September 2013, <br />NCHRP Report 562: Improving Pedestrian Safety at Unsignalized Crossings. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington D.C., 2006. <br />Assessment of Driver Yield Rates Pre- and Post-RRFB Installation, Bend, Oregon. Oregon Department of Transportation, Washington D.C., 2011. <br />Bolton & Menk, Inc. <br />Transportation Research Board, HCM 2010 Highway Capacity Manual, Washington D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 2010. <br />Before -and -After Study of the Effectiveness of Rectangular Rapid -Flashing Beacons Used with School Sign in Garland, Texas. Texas Transportation Institute, <br />College Station, TX, April 2012. <br />CENTER MEDIAN WITH REFUGE <br />ISLAND <br />24 <br />