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City of Ramsey <br />Project B1705491 <br />August 11, 2017 <br />Page 8 <br />We recommend thorough quality control practices, including frequent sieve analyses of the reclaimed <br />material, if the product will be reused directly on site as aggregate base or as a stabilizing material with <br />minimal processing. <br />C.2.b. Pavement Subgrades <br />The pavement subgrades will consist almost exclusively of sandy materials, though areas of clayey sand <br />or lean and fat clay were also present. <br />We anticipate the subgrade soils present beneath the streets will generally be suitable for pavement <br />support in their current condition or with minor rework such as surface compaction. The exception is the <br />swamp -deposited soils, which should be removed from excavations for pavements and in utility <br />trenches. The shallow clayey sand or lean clay fill, present in ST-05, ST-C14 and ST-C15, may be wet or <br />become wet upon exposure. These soils in particular may require additional work, such as drying or <br />moisture conditioning, before they can be properly compacted. <br />C.2.c. Utility Support and Impact of Groundwater <br />The reuse of the utility trench backfill soils will have potential impacts on the pavement subgrades. If the <br />backfill is not properly compacted, there is the potential for subgrade instability and settlement (and <br />premature deterioration) of the driving surface. We anticipate the trench soils will consist mostly of <br />granular soils (poorly graded sand and poorly graded sand with silt). In some cases, poor or unsuitable <br />soils will be encountered that should be removed or will need additional effort to properly compact. <br />Depending on the conditions at the time of excavation, drying of the clayey and silty soils may be <br />necessary to achieve the levels of compaction recommended for utility support. Clayey and particularly <br />silt -rich trench soils that are exposed to moisture will be more susceptible to strength loss and may also <br />become unstable, which will require moisture conditioning or removal and replacement with suitable <br />soils. Fat clay and organic soils (ST-C6, ST-C11) should not be used as utility support or backfill material. <br />Groundwater was present in a limited number of borings (see Table 3), which may affect the placement <br />of storm sewer. A coarse stabilizing aggregate could help with utility placement in wet or saturated <br />conditions in these soils. <br />BRAUN <br />INIERItC <br />