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Income Approach -- continued <br />Subject Operating Expenses <br />Recoverable Expenses: Operating expenses that the tenant reimburses to landlord. <br />Vacancy & Credit Loss: The landlord/owner does not recover expenses when the property is <br />vacant. Additionally, this covers any rent concessions such as free rent for a time period. <br />Recoverable Expenses: The estimated rental rate is based on a net basis, where the tenant pays for <br />the following expenses; <br />Real Estate Taxes: Typical market rates range from $2.00 to $4.00+ per SF. The actual taxes <br />appear likely to change after a sale. The sales comparison approach value will be applied, along with <br />a 3.5% tax rate: <br />$685,000 x 3.50% tax rate = $24,000 rounded <br />Insurance: Typical market rates range from $0.05 to $0.50 per SF. Actual expenses not provided, a <br />market based estimate will be used. <br />Repairs, Maintenance & Supplies: Typical market rates range from $1.00 to $3.00 per SF +. Actual <br />expenses not provided, a market based estimate will be used. <br />Management/Professional Fees: Typical market rates range from 3% to 5%+ of gross income. <br />Actual expenses provided, management fees appear to be high. Actual expenses not provided, a <br />market based estimate will be used. <br />Utilities — (Water, Gas, Electric, Trash): Typical market rates range from $0.75 to $2.50 per SF. <br />Actual expenses not provided, a market based estimate will be used. <br />Non -Recoverable Expenses: Typically, reserves for replacement and leasing expenses are costs <br />incurred by the owner and are not transferred to the tenant. <br />Reserves for replacement are an allowance for, or an annual average amount needed, to make <br />long and short-term improvements. Long-term improvements being structural, roof, windows, <br />mechanical and parking. Setting aside for reserves reflects good management. Typical market rates <br />range from $0.10 to $0.50 per SF. <br />See following Income Statement for expenses for the subject. <br />