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Handbook for Playground Safety <br />4 Maintaining a Playground 17 <br />4.1 Maintenance Inspections 17 <br />4.2 Repairs 17 <br />4.3 Maintaining Loose -Fill Surfacing 17 <br />4.4 Recordkeeping 18 <br />5 Parts of the Playground 19 <br />5.1 Platforms, Guardrails and Protective Barriers 19 <br />5.1.1 Platforms 19 <br />5.1.2 Stepped platforms 19 <br />5.1.3 Guardrails and protective barriers 19 <br />5.2 Access Methods to Play Equipment 21 <br />5.2.1 Ramps, stairways, rung ladders, and step ladders 22 <br />5.2.2 Rungs and other hand gripping components 23 <br />5.2.3 Handrails 23 <br />5.2.4 Transition from access to platform 23 <br />5.3 Major Types of Playground Equipment 23 <br />5.3.1 Balance beams 23 <br />5.3.2 Climbing and upper body equipment 23 <br />5.3.3 Log rolls 29 <br />5.3.4 Merry-go-rounds 29 <br />5.3.5 Seesaws 30 <br />5.3.6 Slides 31 <br />5.3.7 Spring rockers 35 <br />5.3.8 Swings 36 <br />5.3.9 Fall height and use zones not specified elsewhere 40 <br />APPENDICES <br />A Appendix A: Suggested General Maintenance Checklist 41 <br />B Appendix B: Playground Testing 42 <br />B.1 Templates, Gauges, and Testing Tools 42 <br />B.2 Test Methods 45 <br />B.2.1 Determining whether a projection is a protrusion 45 <br />B.2.2 Projections on suspended members of swing assemblies 45 <br />B.2.3 Projections on slides 45 <br />B.2.4 Angles 47 <br />B.2.5 Entrapment 48 <br />B.2.6 Test fixtures 49 <br />