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harmful impacts."This provides evidence that strategic planning in general is perceived as effective in <br /> municipal government. <br /> Additionally,the review of the plans shows that cities have a number of goals for their public art <br /> master plans.These are generally related to open space or parks planning, economic development, <br /> cultural tourism, and quality of life.There is typically some acknowledgment that the municipal <br /> government recognizes the benefit of public art to the community either economically or culturally as <br /> well. <br /> Plan Development Process <br /> The use of consultants was seen in nine of ten plans with regard to the process of creation.The <br /> survey of public art programs in fiscal year 2001 also found that 69%of programs had employed <br /> consultants at one time.The most common use of consultants was for master planning (Americans for <br /> the Arts, 2003). In addition, all ten plans employed either an existing commission or task force on the <br /> arts, made of community volunteers, or a newly created commission on public art to inspire community <br /> involvement and create a collaborative process. <br /> While the process of plan creation is not necessarily part of the public art master plan itself,the <br /> importance placed on inclusion and community involvement is an important aspect of this process.This <br /> is supported in the examples provided in Civic Dialogue:Arts and Culture(Korza, Bacon, &Assaf, 2005), <br /> as well as in the recommendations provided by Marc Pally in his article for the NEA. Pally suggested a <br /> diverse group of seven to nine individuals be employed for the plan development process (Pally, n.d.). <br /> Additionally, McCarthy's (2010) article suggests that broad local collaboration can influence the growth <br /> arts and culture in a community.The public commissions charged with creating the plans had varying <br /> compositions, but typically included local arts community groups, political leaders, city staff, artists, <br /> engineers, and design professionals.The interaction of experts in the field and community leaders in a <br /> local area is believed to be important when developing a plan,this is evidenced by the unanimous <br /> 16 <br />