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place articles about a public art project in the city newsletter, populate social media posts, issue <br /> press releases, convene work sessions, or arrange meetings that disseminate information as <br /> needed to make sure that stakeholders in the project receive necessary information. <br /> Spokesperson role:As a spokesperson, the city manager conveys the official collective <br /> position of the city to outside audiences. The city manager can use their status as spokesperson <br /> to promote and interpret the public art project. As spokesperson, they must be able to express <br /> how the project aligns with the organization's goals and explain how the project contributes to <br /> the accomplishment of the core mission. In this role, they may also need to defend the <br /> expenditure of public funds, defend the process of creating the installation, or respond to critics <br /> that may not understand nor appreciate the work of art for various reasons. <br /> The decisional roles of the city manager fall into five different categories: entrepreneur, <br /> disturbance handler, resources allocator, negotiator, and policy maker. The chief administrative <br /> officer is the only position that has the authority, relationships, and information to implement <br /> broad policy action across the organization. <br /> Entrepreneur role: As one of the organization's entrepreneurs, the role of the city <br /> manager is to initiate change. As the label implies, in this role, the manager is one that is willing <br /> to take risks, establish new missions for the organization, has a bias toward action, and moves <br /> quickly and decisively among the bureaucratic maze. The city manager must recognize that no <br /> decision will be without critics, and that decisions need to be made in order to move the <br /> organization forward. The city manager is often in the position of needing to make the critical <br /> decision to go from analysis to implementation. <br /> Disturbance handler role: The disturbance handler role encompasses the resolution of <br /> difference among individuals, departments, or groups, both inside and outside the organization. <br /> 67 <br />