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Achievement of the organizational goal is hampered or disrupted if disputes are not addressed as <br /> part of the process. The city manager may use both formal authority, or informal mediation or <br /> persuasion to resolve conflicts. The city manager may need to make decisions about a project <br /> that have two conflicting viewpoints, for example, the need to provide physical access to a <br /> sculpture, weighed against cost or public safety concerns. <br /> Resource allocator role: The resource allocator role recognizes that limited resources <br /> must be distributed properly in order to achieve the desired outcomes. The allocation of time and <br /> financial resources must address both urgent as well as long term needs. For example, devoting <br /> personnel and budgets to fight crime in the short term, must be balanced against the need of the <br /> city to establish place making art installations as part of urban renewal projects. <br /> Negotiator role: In the negotiator role, the manager must bargain formally and informally <br /> to achieve desired outcomes. For example, the manager may need to negotiate a land lease or <br /> maintenance contract for a public art installation. On the other hand, promotional or fund raising <br /> events may be managed more informally, with each party providing a commensurate level of <br /> support based upon their interest level and available resources. <br /> Policy role: Finally, the policy role recognizes the fact that the manger recommends, <br /> shapes, and implements public policy. The nature of a manager's relationships and skill set will <br /> help determine the scope and nature of how policy direction is put into practice. For example, <br /> the city manager may want to avoid the city incurring any long-term maintenance responsibilities <br /> and, therefore, pursue agreements with other parties to assume these responsibilities. These type <br /> of policy consideration are shaped and managed on a day-to-day basis by the city manager and <br /> occur both formally and informally. <br /> 68 <br />