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For this reason, state departments of transportation have carefully studied the design and location <br />of dynamic signs within the highway right-of-way. Their goal is to convey a message to the <br />traveling public in a manner that is as straight -forward and readable as possible without being a <br />visual "attraction". The goal of the outdoor advertising sign is to be a visual attraction outside <br />the right-of-way, possibly making it a source of driver distraction. Nevertheless, the actual <br />change in crash rates influenced by the presence of any specific device has not been quantified in <br />a manner that fully isolates the impacts of an electronic sign. Recent studies conducted by <br />FHWA and others have cited the need for further research. <br />In the interest of promoting public safety, this report recommends that electronic signs be viewed <br />as a form of driver distraction and a public safety issue. Therefore, the ordinance <br />recommendations identified here should be considered. These recommendations should be <br />reviewed in the future as additional research becomes available. <br />With respect to regulatory measures for electronic outdoor advertising signs, it is important that <br />local governments take a thorough approach to updating their ordinances to address this issue. <br />For example, an ordinance that addresses sign motion, but does not address brightness and <br />intensity levels may leave the door open for further controversy. This report seeks to identify all <br />of the aspects of electronic outdoor advertising devices that are subject to regulation. It does not <br />specifically state what those regulations should be (e.g. the size of electronic signs), since these <br />are all things that policy makers and staff must take into careful consideration. Further, as driver <br />distraction and resulting influences on safety do not, in a practical sense, distinguish between on - <br />premise and off -premise signage, this distinction is not highlighted in the recommendations <br />below. <br />Regulatory Measures recommended for consideration <br />To properly address the issue of dynamic signage, it is recommended that the sign code address <br />the following: <br />I. Identify specific areas where dynamic signs are prohibited. This would typically be done <br />by specifying certain zoning districts where they are not allowed under any <br />circumstances. If dynamic signs are to be allowed in specific areas, this could be done by <br />zoning district (only higher level commercial districts are recommended for <br />consideration) or by zoning overlay related to specific purposes (e.g. entertainment or <br />sports facility district) or to specific roadway types. <br />2. Determine the acceptable level of operational modes in conjunction with such zoning <br />districts or overlays. The various levels include: <br />a. Static display only, with no transitions between messages, <br />b. Static display with fade or dissolve transitions, or transitions that do not have the <br />effect of moving text or images, <br />c. Static display with scrolling, traveling, spinning, zooming in, or similar special <br />effects that have the appearance of movement, animation, or changing in size, or get <br />revealed sequentially rather than all at once (e.g. letters dropping into place, etc.), and <br />26 <br />