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QUICK REFERENCE GUIDE FOR PUBLIC EMPLOYERS <br />between the employer and the Social Security Administration is subject to social security and <br />Medicare withholding under section 3121(d)(4). For more information, see Publication 963. <br />Casual Laborer <br />Federal tax law does not contain any special provision for a "casual laborer." There is no <br />"grace period" or minimum amount before withholding of employment taxes applies; you must <br />withhold with the first dollar earned by the worker. If, for example, you hire a student to clean <br />up the town dump or a day laborer to cut trees, under conditions of common-law employment, <br />that worker is an employee and you must withhold, report, and pay over income, social <br />security and Medicare taxes. <br />Volunteer Firefighters <br />Volunteer firefighters are considered employees and their remuneration is generally subject to <br />all withholding taxes. However, if the payment is reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses <br />actually incurred in the course of work, and the payment conforms to the requirements of Reg. <br />1.62-2 regarding accountable plans, then the payment is excludable from the firefighter's Form <br />W-2. (See the discussion of accountable plans under Fringe Benefits, later.) <br />Election Workers and Officials <br />Payments for services to individuals for election work are exempt from income tax withholding. <br />They may be subject to social security and Medicare tax either under the provisions of a <br />Section 218 Agreement, or by law, if the amount of compensation exceeds an annual <br />threshold ($1,600 in 2013). If payments are subject to income tax, social security, or Medicare <br />withholding, Form W-2 should be furnished to that individual. If the employee has non -election <br />wages from the same employer, the normal Form W-2 reporting rules apply to those wages. <br />For more information about election workers, see Revenue Ruling 2000-6 and Publication 963. <br />Road Commissioners <br />An individual with the title of "road commissioner" is usually an elected or appointed official of <br />the governmental entity, and therefore is subject to the supervision, direction, and discipline <br />characteristic of an employer. In this case, all remuneration that the road commissioner <br />personally receives is wages. <br />The relationship between the employing entity and the commissioner may also allow for a fair <br />rental payment for the use of any large equipment owned by the commissioner. This rental fee <br />for equipment used is not wages and should be agreed upon in advance, and reported to the <br />individual on Form 1099-MISC, box 7. Fair equipment rental rates should be determined and <br />governmental units should be based on fair market value, which is generally what a private <br />company would charge under normal circumstances. <br />8 <br />