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were furloughed, avoiding layoffs, providing worker retention incentives, and paying for <br />ancillary administrative costs related to hiring. <br />Treasury believes this expanded approach, relative to the interim final rule, provides <br />useful flexibility to recipients, which may increase a state or local government's ability to <br />effectively deliver services to its residents. While the interim final rule already explicitly <br />permitted using funds to restore recipients' workforces up to pre -pandemic levels, the final rule's <br />inclusion of an upward adjustment factor recognizes that, as the population or economy of a <br />jurisdiction grows over time, more workers are generally needed to effectively meet <br />responsibilities. It also provides recipients greater room to employ funds toward building back <br />the public sector workforce after years of chronic underinvestment since the Great Recession. <br />Treasury arrived at the 7.5 percent adjustment factor through an analysis of data from the Bureau <br />of Labor Statistics on state and local government employment and data from the Census Bureau <br />on population to estimate the extent of underinvestment in the public sector since the onset of the <br />Great Recession. While Treasury considered a range of methodologies and point estimates to set <br />the adjustment factor, a 7.5 percent factor errs on the side of recipient flexibility. Treasury <br />believes this adjustment enhances recipients' ability to identify and meet the particularized needs <br />of their communities. Treasury also believes that the additional enumerated eligible uses for <br />supporting the workforce provide recipients several means to help retain current workers, <br />decreasing turnover costs. <br />Identifying Eligible Populations <br />Treasury has provided several methods for recipients to identify households, populations, <br />and communities eligible for services that respond to the public health and negative economic <br />384 <br />