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automobiles and the inefficiencies of the traditional "Downtown Business District ". Centers are characterized by excellent accessibility, extensive parking areas, uniform building character, single or unified ownership and separation of the automobile from the pedestrian. General advantages resulting from the clustering of retail stores and parking are: 1) Much less land is ordinarily used to provide the same level of service. 3) Shopper convenience is possible by concentrating shops and eliminating non - retail space. 4) Most goods required at each level of service are available without driving between stores or shopping areas. Shopping centers can be the focal point of the major re- sidential sectors with other neighborhood service and public facilities strengthening the shopping center potential. Relationships to abutting land are much improved due to less peripheral length and combining of similar activity areas (loading, storage, etc.) TABLE 11 TYPES OF SIIOPPING CENTERS E SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS Gross Floor Site Area Customer Range in Primary Service Area Range 2 Sq.Ft./ Parking No. of Trade Area Radius in in Sq. Ft. Acres Family Spaces Tenants Population Miles Local to 10,000 to 1 75 50 2 -4 2,000 y Neighborhood Convenience Center Neighborhood 20,000 2 75 ' 110 8 7,000 Is Center 60,000 6 330(Typical) 100,000 10 550 20 1► Commun,ty 100,000 10 40 550 15 20,000 2 Center 200,000 20 1,100(Typical) 400,000 40 2,200 50 5 Sub - Regional 400,000 40 40 2,200 40 100,000 5 Center 800,000 80 4,400(Typical) 1,500,000. 150 8,250 150. 250,000 10. 'Gross Floor Area per family served is approximately 20 square feet. 2 Site area needs - one acre per 10,000 square feet of gross leasable 3 floor area. Parking ratios - 5.5 spaces per 1,000 square feet of gross leasable 4 floor area. Service radius - service radii will vary according to population densities. One -half mile is the maximum convenient walking distance; 11 miles is a 5 convenient automobile trip; five miles is a 1S minute automobile trip. Community scale shopping centers are becoming less common in urbanized areas. There is often a jump from the large neighborhood center to the small sub - regional center because of better road systems and contemporary merchandising methods. In general, community -scale centers should be designed for expansion. 47 • •